d  UNIT (1)  c

 

 

 

 

E THE PRESENT SIMPLE

 

يدل علي عادة أو حقيقة ويتكون من التصريف الأول ولا تنسي إضافة Sأو ESإذا كان الفاعل مفرد غائب

P We play tennis well.

P He plays tennis well.

P He boxes very well.

كلماته:

often/sometimes/always/ never/usually/generally /every ……

 

E THE PAST SIMPLE

 

يدل علي فعل أو عادة في الماضي ويتكون من التصريف الثاني

P We went to the cinema yesterday.

P I always went to the sea when I was young.

 

 

d  UNIT (2) c

 

 

E THE PAST PERFECT

 

فعلان حدثا في الماضي أدهما قبل الآخر

الفعل الأول في الماضي التام والآخر في الماضي البسيط

 

يتكون من:              HAD + P.P.

كلماته:

AFTER / AS SOON AS + ماضي تام

BEFORE / BY THE TIME + ماضي بسيط

 

ماضي بسيط منفي+TILL /UNTIL+ ماضي تام

P First I went out. Then it began to rain.

 

PAfter I had gone out, it began to rain,

PBefore it began to rain, I had gone out.

PIt didn’t rain until I had gone out.

 

P*He got high marks as he (had

studied / studied) hard.

P*I found the book that I ( lost / had

lost)

P*I found the book that ( lost / had lost / had been lost)

 

E The past cont.

مناسبته:

فعل استمر لفترة في ألماض وانتهي  وإذا حدث فعل مفاجئ أثناء هذا الفعل المستمر يوضع في الماضي البسيط

تكوينه:

    Was, were + v. + ing

I (saw / was seeing) you yesterday. You (sat / were

sitting) at a café

 

كلماته:

While, as, just as + past cont.

When + past simple.

  ويمكن أن يأتي بعد

 أي زمن حسب المعني When

 

P While (when) he was playing, he fell down.

P When he fell down, he was playing.

إذا حدث فعلان في الماضي واستمرا معا يوضع كلاهما في الماضي المستمر

P While (when) I was having lunch, I was watching the film.

ملاحظة:

أي أداة ربط مما سبق إذا لم يأتي بعدها فاعل نستخدم بعدها           

v. + ing  (or) noun.

P After (playing /  had played) he went home.

P After his (playing / had played) he went home. 

 

 

 

d  UNIT(3) c

 

 

E IF

[0] if +pres. S. + pres. S.

تستخدم عند التعبير عن حقيقة علمية ثابتة

P If you heat water, it turns into steam.

 

[1] if + pr. S. + ‘ll +inf.

تدل على المستقبل

P If you come tomorrow, you’ll find me.

يمكن أن يكون فعل الشرط فى الأمر

P If you need anything, telephone me.

                                           

[2] if +past s. + ‘d + inf.

تدل على مضارع مخالف للواقع

P If I lived in Alex., I’d go to the sea every day.

were مع كل الضمائر نستخدم

P If she were beautiful, I’d marry her.

  if كما يمكن حذف

P Were she beautiful , I’d …

 

[3] if + past   perf. + ‘d +have + p.p.

 

تدل على الماضي ( لو كان كذا لكان كذا)

P If he had passed I’d have bought him a present.

Ifويمكن أيضا حذف

P Had he passed, I’d ….

 

Unless = if + not

   

*If he didn’t come early, I’d punish him.

*Unless he came early, I’d punish him.

*If he studies, he’ll pass.

*Unless he studies, he’ll not pass.

 

 

كيفية حل جمل if

 

1- إذا كانت الجملة في المستقبل استخدم القاعدة الأولى

2- وإذا كانت في المضارع استخدم الثانية

3- وإذا كانت في الماضي استخدم الثالثة

 

@ I think he will pass. I’ll buy him a present.

 

P  If he passes, I’ll buy him a present.

 

@ He doesn’t like video clips. So, he doesn’t watch them on TV.

P If he liked video clips, he would watch them on TV.

 

@ I didn’t go to his party because I was ill.

P If I hadn’t been ill, I would have gone to his party.

 

@ If he had got up early, he’d have caught the train.    [because]

P  He didn’t catch the train because he didn’t get up late

 

 

 

 

 

d  UNIT (4) c

 

 

E THE PRESENT PERFECT

1-يدل على فعل انتهى وله أثر

2-فعل حدث قبل لحظة الكلام مباشرة

يتكون من have, has +p.p.    

كلماته:

already/just/ever/never/yet/ lately/recently 

 

for      بأتى بعدها مدة             

since        يأتي بعدها بداية الحدث

 

P He has been here for an hour.

P He has been here since 3:30

 

قاعدة since:          ( بعدها ماضي بسيط والآخر مضارع تام أو مضارع تام مستمر)

  

P Since he came, I haven’t seen him.

P I haven’t seen him since he came.

 

E The present perf. Cont.

 

 

فعل بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرا حتى الآن

يتكون من:

have, has +been + v. +ing

 

 

 

كلماته:

نفس كلمات المضارع التام

P He has been playing for two hours now and he is still playing

 

 

d  UNIT (5) c

 

 

E THE ADJECTIVE/ THE ADVERB

     

  الصفة تأتي قبل الاسم والحال يأتي بعد الفعل

P The polite boy behaves politely.

يتكون الحال بإضافة  lyإلي الصفة

P He is a heavy smoker.    [ smoke ]

P He smokes heavily.

ملاحظات

1- لاحظ أن الحال من good      هو well

P He is a good footballer.  [play]

P He plays football well.

2-هناك كلمات تستخدم صفات وأحوال :

hard /fast /late / early

P The hard worker works hard.

3-وإذا أضفنا لها ly  يتغير معناها

hardly نادرا   / lately مؤخرا / منذ وقت قصير

 

 هناك أحوال تسمي أحوال درجة وهي تأتي قبل

الصفة أو قبل حال الكيفية وهي:

 

Extremely         بدرجة هائلة                                                                            

Very          جدا                                                           

Rather, fairly, quite                                إلي حد ما

 

P He is extremely tired.

P He runs very quickly.

 

 

 

 

d  UNIT (6) c

 

 

E FUTURE

نعبر عن المستقبل بعدة طرق:

1- باستخدام المستقبل البسيط

      WILL + INF.

2-     إذا كان الفعل يعبر عن:

3-    نية / قرار سريع / تنبؤ / حقيقة في المستقبل

   P I’ll visit you tomorrow.

   P I’ll bring you an aspirin.

   P It will rain tomorrow.

   P I’ll be 18 years old next week.

4- باستخدام

( am, is, are ) + going to + inf.

إذا كان الفعل علي وشك الحدوث وبدأت علاماته تظهر

P Look up at the sky ! It’s going to rain soon.

باستخدام زمن المضارع المستمر إذا كان الفعل قد تم الاستعداد له

P He is packing his luggage. He is traveling to Paris tomorrow.

 

 

 

 

 

 

d  UNIT (7) c

 

 

E Necessity:                           الإلزام

 

Sub.  +  Must + inf.     لابد أن

It is necessary for + obj. + to + inf.

 

P She must study hard.

P It is necessary for her to study hard.

 

 

E Lack of necessity:          عدم الإلزام

 

Sub. +needn’t + inf.     ليس في حاجة إلي

P It is not necessary for me to  ……………

P I needn’t study hard as I’ve finished my exams.

 

E Advice:                   النصيحة

Sub + should (not)/ought (not) to + inf.

            يجب أن It is advisable for            

P They should come early.

P It is advisable for them to come early.

 

 

E *I l Prohibition                المنع / التحريم

 

Sub + mustn’t + inf.          لابد ألا

It is not allowed for …….

 

P You mustn’t smoke here

P It is not allowed for you to smoke here.

 

 

d  UNIT (8) c

 

مراجعة الجملة الشرطية

 

d  UNIT (9) c

 

 

E THE GERUND  ( v. + ing)

1-يستخدم بعد أي حرف جر

P I’m interested in reading novels.

P He helped me. So, I thanked him. [for]

 

I thanked him for helping me.

 

2-بعد الأفعال الآتية نستخدم : v. + ing  أو to+inf. بدون أي فرق بالمعني

[start / begin / continue / intend ]

P I intend visiting ( or ) to visit you.

 

3-استخدم v. + ing  بعد الكلمات الآتية:

love / like / hate / dislike / prefer / enjoy / busy / avoid / stand / finish / suggest / deny / regret / mind / spend / go / come/

look forward to / object to

 

P I love reading in my spare time

P He denied taking the money.

P Would you mind helping me?

P No, I don’t mind helping you at all.

 

لكن لاحظ:           I’d like to visit you

       

4- الأفعال الآتية يأتي بعدها    to + inf.

Agree / decide / enable / expect / forget / hope / learn / offer / plan / promise / refuse / want.

P He refused to help me.

5- لاحظ الفرق بين :

Let + object + inf.

Allow + object + to + inf

P He let me go.

P He allowed me to go.

 

 

The most important vocabulary

 

 

 

 

 

AN ARTIST’S STORY

 

ملخص:

 

فناننا رجل مغرور جدا ‍‍, وهو فى سن السابعة حصل بالصدفة على جائزة على صورة رسمها كان يقصد بها غروب الشمس فوق لندن لكن النقاد اعتقدوا أنها صورة حيوان جميل فأعطوه الجائزة . هذا جعل أهله يعتقدوا أنه فنان وأعطوه كل فرصة للتقدم كما أن هذا قد زاد من غروره إلى أن أصيب بخيبة أمل فى النهاية 0

فلقد رسم صورا كثيرة لنفسه وللريف حول شقته ثم قرر أن يرسم للإعلانات ولكنه فشل أن يبيع أى منها . وفى النهاية قرر أن يلزم سريره ولا ينهض أبدا0 وجاءه رجل اعتقد أن أحد الأصدقاء قد أرسله لعلاجه من حالته , ولكنه فى النهاية أخبره أنه قادم إليه من محل الأثاث لكي يسترد السرير الذي ينام عليه حيث أنه لم يدفع ثمنه0

 

Questions and answers

 

1-What did Augustus get a prize for?علام فاز بالجائزة                

P He got it for a drawing of an animal.          .        على رسم حيوان   

2-What did he paint at the age twenty-one?

PHe painted people and painted eleven pictures of his face.

3-How did his parents encourage him?كيف شجعه والديه             

PThey provided him with plenty of pencils and paper and gave him the opportunity of studying under great painters.

لقد أمدوه بكثير من الأقلام الرصاص وأعطوه الفرصة كي يدرس تحت أشراف رسامين عظماء

4-Why did he decide to sell his soul?لماذا قرر أن يبيع روحه               

P Because he failed to get money for his pictures.

5-What did he mean by selling his soul?          ماذا يعنى ببيع روحه

P He meant to paint for money.

6-Why was his heart was broken? Why did he take to his bed?

لماذا تحطم قلبه؟ لماذا التزم سريره؟

PBecause he failed to get money for his paintings.

7-What was his problem?

P He took to his bed in the height of his youth because he failed to get money for his pictures.  لقد التزم سريره في ريعان شبابه              

 

8-Why did he fail to sell the pictures he painted?

P Because he painted them only from the front and back windows.

9-Do you think he was a real painter? Why?

PI don’t think he was a real painter because he failed to sell any of his pictures and he was self-conceited.           مغرور بنفسه       

 

Quotations

 

1.”It’s kind of you to come. But I don’t think you can help me”

 

P Who said that? To whom?

        It was said by Augustus to the man from the furniture shop.

P According to the writer, who sent the “doctor”?في رأى الكاتب

        He was sent by an interfering friend.                                              لقد أرسله أحد الأصدقاء الحشريين                                              

P Why couldn’t he help him?

       Because he took to his bed when he failed as a painter.

 

2-“ May I mention that there is a certain repetition in your remarks”?

 

أود أن أقول أن هناك تكرار فى ملاحظاتك

        Augustus to the man from the furniture shop.

P Was he right in this remark?           هل كان على صواب فى ذلك؟     

       No, as he didn’t give the man any chance to speak.

 

3-“ And all I received was a sample bottle “

 

P Why did they send him a sample bottle?          زجاجة عينة 

          To help him to draw well.

 P What do you understand from this sentence?

         I understand that he was not a good painter

 

4-“ And I feel certain that you will”

   

The man from the furniture shop to Augustus.

 

P Why did he come?

    He came to take the bed as it was not paid for.

 

 P What did he do then?

        He put Augustus on the ground to take the bed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

I Never Forget a Face

ملخص:

 

كاتبنا يعاني من مشكلة:

 

تنحصر مشكلته في أنه إذا رأي أي شخص ولو لمرة واحدة في حياته فإنه لا ينسي شكله أبدا ومع ذلك فإنه لا يمكن أن يتذكر اسمه.

هذا سبب له بعض المشاكل ولكنه في أوقات أخرى كان يعود عليه ببعض الفوائد.

وفى يوم من الأيام كان في طريق عودته بالقطار من لندن إلى بلدته (بارد فيلد) وكان يجلس معه احد الأشخاص. وكالعادة اعتقد صاحبنا انه قد رآه من قبل ولكنه لم يتذكر اسمه ولا أين قابله . حاول أن يتحدث معه بشتى الطرق ولكنه فشل في كل مرة.

وعندما نزل من القطار كان الجو شديد المطر فعرض عليه كاتبنا أن يأخذه معه فى سيارته ووافق الرجل. وفى منطقة منعزلة في الطريق طلب الرجل من الكاتب ان ينزله من السيارة وقبل أن تقف السيارة ضربه على رأسه فافقده الوعى. وعندما آفاق لم يجد سيارته ولا نقوده فاتجه مباشرة إلى قسم الشرطة لكي يبلغ عما حدث وإذا به يرى صزرة الرجل معلقة على حائط قسم الشرطة ومكتوب تحتها عبارة : مطلوب القبض عليه لأنه حاول السرقة بالإكراه.

 

Questions

 

1-      What was strange about the writer?

ما هو الغريب عنه؟

He never forgot a face but never remembered a name.

لا ينسى الوجوه أبدا ولكنه لا يتذكر الأسماء

2-What did his wife think he should do?

ماذا اعتقدت زوجته أن يعمل

She thought he would be a reporter for the newspapers.

اعتقدت أن يعمل مراسلا للصحف

3- How did this trouble put him in difficulties?

كيف أن مشكلته سببت له بعض المشاكل؟

Sometimes he lost much business.

لقد أفقدته بعض الأعمال التجارية

4-"I think I gain more than I lose"

إنني اكسب أكثر مما أخسر

How did he gain?

    He reminded the man of the place or the even they met at. And in five minutes they were talking about business.

 

5- What did his wife complain of?

مما كانت تشكو زوجته؟

She complained that he didn't know the names of their neighbours in the next house.

6- Where did the writer think the stranger lived?

أين اعتقد الكاتب أن الغريب يسكن؟

He thought him one of the newcomers who lived in the small houses by the bus stop.

7-How did he try to begin a talk with the stranger?

He spoke about the train service.

8- Unlike most people of Bardfield, the writer was friendly with the newcomers. Give reasons.

Because he might do business with any one of them one day.

9- Why did the writer boast about some business he had done?

لماذا افتخر الكاتب عن عمل قام به؟

To make the stranger boast too.

10- Prove that the writer was kind-hearted.

اثبت أن الكاتب كان طيب القلب

He offered the stranger a lift as the weather was too bad.

عرض عليه أن يوصله

11- Where did the writer see the man before?

He saw his picture on the wall of the police station.

 

 

 

Quotations

 

1-"Do you generally travel down on this train?"

   

 *The writer said that to the stranger.

P What did he aim at by asking him that question?

      *He aimed to begin a talk with him.

P What was the man's answer?

       *He just said, "not generally"

 

2-"Wake up, old fellow. We are here."

 

P What is 'here'?

       *It is Bardfield station.

P Why did the writer say to him, "old fellow"?

        *Because he thought he had met him before.

P What did that sentence indicate?

         *It indicates that the writer was kind-hearted.

 

3-"You can let me out here."

      

*The stranger said that to the writer.

P Why was the writer surprised?

        *Because there were no houses in the area.

P What did the stranger do then?

ماذا فعل الغريب في ذلك الحين؟

        *He hit the writer on the head and stole his car and his money.

لقد ضربه على رأسه وسرق سيارته ونقوده